{"id":4683,"date":"2026-08-04T11:06:56","date_gmt":"2026-08-04T09:06:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hamco-germany.com\/?post_type=fachbegriff&p=4683"},"modified":"2026-08-06T10:52:17","modified_gmt":"2026-08-06T08:52:17","slug":"teceni","status":"publish","type":"fachbegriff","link":"https:\/\/hamco-germany.com\/cs\/fachbegriff\/kriechverhalten\/","title":{"rendered":"Te\u010den\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

Terminologie technologie plast\u016f - vtipn\u00e1 a srozumiteln\u00e1<\/strong><\/h2>\n

V\u011bd\u011bli jste, \u017ee v mnoha p\u0159\u00edpadech lze k vysv\u011btlen\u00ed skute\u010dnost\u00ed v technologii plast\u016f pou\u017e\u00edt srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s p\u0159\u00edrodou a lidmi?<\/p>\n

Dne\u0161n\u00ed term\u00edn: Te\u010den\u00ed<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201eKdo zn\u00e1 plast, ten s\u00e1hne po cementu.\u201c<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tuto v\u011btu pr\u00fd kdysi pronesl profesor technologie plast\u016f na tehdej\u0161\u00ed Vysok\u00e9 \u0161kole v Darmstadtu. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b to bylo my\u0161leno s nads\u00e1zkou. Kdo toti\u017e plasty opravdu zn\u00e1, ten v\u00ed: jsou to fantastick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly \u2013 sta\u010d\u00ed jen pochopit jejich zvl\u00e1\u0161tnosti. A jednou z nich je Te\u010den\u00ed<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Co vlastn\u011b znamen\u00e1 \u201eplazen\u00ed\u201c?<\/h2>\n

P\u0159edstavte si, \u017ee si sednete na novou pohovku. Zpo\u010d\u00e1tku se na n\u00ed sed\u00ed skv\u011ble. Po hodin\u011b si v\u0161ak v\u0161imnete, \u017ee jste se propadli o p\u00e1r centimetr\u016f hloub\u011bji. To je pro v\u00e1s norm\u00e1ln\u00ed, proto\u017ee je to pohodln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e sed\u011bt na tvrd\u00e9 desce a po vst\u00e1n\u00ed se p\u011bnov\u00e1 v\u00fdpl\u0148 zd\u00e1nliv\u011b vr\u00e1t\u00ed do p\u016fvodn\u00edho stavu. Kdyby tomu ale opravdu tak bylo, pro\u010d pak po n\u011bkolika letech pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed vypadaj\u00ed pohovky prole\u017een\u00e9?<\/p>\n

V odborn\u00fdch kruz\u00edch se tomuto jevu tak\u00e9 \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 zbytkov\u00e1 deformace po stla\u010den\u00ed. Je-li plast vystaven zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed po del\u0161\u00ed dobu, doch\u00e1z\u00ed k jeho pomal\u00e9mu dal\u0161\u00edmu deformov\u00e1n\u00ed, i kdy\u017e s\u00edla v\u016fbec nevzr\u016fst\u00e1. Tato \u010dasov\u011b z\u00e1visl\u00e1 deformace se naz\u00fdv\u00e1 Te\u010den\u00ed<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Pro\u010d se plast chov\u00e1 takhle?<\/h2>\n

Rozd\u00edl spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 ve vnit\u0159n\u00ed struktu\u0159e materi\u00e1lu.<\/p>\n

Kovy maj\u00ed velmi tuhou krystalovou strukturu. Plasty se naopak skl\u00e1daj\u00ed z dlouh\u00fdch molekul\u00e1rn\u00edch \u0159et\u011bzc\u016f, kter\u00e9 se p\u0159i zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed mohou pomalu posouvat v\u016f\u010di sob\u011b.<\/p>\n

Ne trhav\u011b.
\nNe najednou.
\nAle \u00fapln\u011b v klidu.<\/p>\n

\u010c\u00edm vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed je teplota a \u010d\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed je zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed, t\u00edm rychleji k tomu dojde.<\/p>\n

Pro\u010d je to d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9?<\/h2>\n

Pro konstrukt\u00e9ry nen\u00ed te\u010den\u00ed vadou, ale vlastnost\u00ed, kterou je t\u0159eba zohlednit.<\/p>\n

T\u011bsn\u011bn\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159i dlouhodob\u00e9m zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed zm\u011bnit sv\u016fj tvar a po uvoln\u011bn\u00ed se ji\u017e nevr\u00e1t\u00ed do p\u016fvodn\u00ed polohy.<\/p>\n

Karabina, kter\u00e1 dnes dr\u017e\u00ed perfektn\u011b, m\u016f\u017ee po dlouhodob\u00e9m nam\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159estat \u201ezacvak\u00e1vat\u201c tak spolehliv\u011b jako d\u0159\u00edve.<\/p>\n

Proto u plastov\u00fdch sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed nesta\u010d\u00ed pouze vypo\u010d\u00edtat, zda dnes<\/strong> udr\u017eet.<\/p>\n

Rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed ot\u00e1zka zn\u00ed:<\/p>\n

Vydr\u017e\u00ed to i za p\u011bt nebo deset let a co se s t\u00edm d\u00e1 d\u011blat?<\/h2>\n

Konstrukt\u00e9\u0159i maj\u00ed n\u011bkolik mo\u017enost\u00ed:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • vybrat vhodn\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly,<\/li>\n
  • Sn\u00ed\u017eit z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e,<\/li>\n
  • Udr\u017eujte teploty na n\u00edzk\u00e9 \u00farovni,<\/li>\n
  • Navrhovat sou\u010d\u00e1sti tak, aby byly tu\u017e\u0161\u00ed,<\/li>\n
  • pou\u017e\u00edt sklen\u011bn\u00e1 vl\u00e1kna nebo jin\u00e1 v\u00fdztu\u017en\u00e1 vl\u00e1kna,<\/li>\n
  • nebo co nejv\u00fdhodn\u011bji rozlo\u017eit z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Plasty toti\u017e nejsou \u0161patn\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly \u2013 vy\u017eaduj\u00ed pouze trochu v\u00edce dlouhodob\u00e9ho uva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n

    Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h3>\n

    Te\u010den\u00ed pat\u0159\u00ed k nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm vlastnostem plast\u016f. Kdo tuto vlastnost ignoruje, m\u016f\u017ee se n\u011bkdy setkat s nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00fdmi p\u0159ekvapen\u00edmi.<\/p>\n

    Kdo je zn\u00e1, m\u016f\u017ee vyv\u00edjet komponenty s dlouhou \u017eivotnost\u00ed, spolehliv\u00e9 a hospod\u00e1rn\u00e9.<\/p>\n

    A t\u00edm se op\u011bt vrac\u00edme ke slavn\u00e9mu cit\u00e1tu profesora:<\/p>\n

    \u201eKdo zn\u00e1 plast, ten s\u00e1hne po cementu.\u201c<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Mo\u017en\u00e1 by dnes bylo t\u0159eba doplnit:<\/p>\n

    \u201e\u2026 nebo zvol\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u00fd plast \u2013 a navrhne konstrukci tak, aby k te\u010den\u00ed doch\u00e1zelo pouze tam, kde to nikomu nevad\u00ed.\u201c<\/strong><\/p>\n

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